The implementation of effective crop selection and management strategies becomes an essential undertaking when the quality of water is not ideal for irrigation. The quality of water varies by location and is independent of whether the source is surface or sub-surface water. Water quality highly impacts crop productivity, soil health, nutrient availability, and microbial contamination. The presence and concentration of salinity, sodicity, toxic elements, pH, heavy metals, and microbial communities in water determines the standard of water for irrigation use. The quality of irrigation water is mainly assessed for EC, TDS, SAR, and RSC and classified into different categories proposed by various agencies and researchers. These classifications aid in crop selection and deciding management techniques to improve the standard of irrigation water to meet regional agricultural needs. The assessment of specific toxic ions mainly includes sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), and boron (B) ions present in irrigation water. The irrigation water quality index (IWQI) reduces the complexity of the analysis of various parameters and assigns a single value to evaluate the status of water for irrigation quality. This classification is accountable for water use restrictions imposed on soil and plants having different properties and tolerances. Strategies for managing crop selection are very essential and include practices such as soil testing to determine nutrient levels, crop rotation to prevent soil depletion, and irrigation management for optimal use of water. These practices improve crop yields and soil health that were depleted over time. The process of applying leaching water to reduce salinity and reduction of sodicity using gypsum are widely employed technique to mitigate the adverse effects of poor-quality irrigation water. The utilization of geographic information system (GIS) in analyzing and interpreting irrigation water quality is also discussed in this chapter.