The early-stage malfunction of hydro turbine blades poses a significant threat to the efficiency of hydroelectric projects on the Indian subcontinent. Major causes of outages in hydro turbine power plants, leading to substantial financial losses, include cavitation-induced erosion and slurry erosion. As a result, turbine blades often experience severe damage due to erosion. This study aims to address these issues by synthesizing the findings of various researchers actively engaged in the field. This paper focuses on reducing slurry and cavitation erosion on the blades of hydro turbines, particularly in Indian hydropower plants. Additionally, it aims to provide research directions for scholars in this field, helping to improve the lifespan of turbine blades by selecting appropriate coating materials, techniques, and other specifications tailored to specific types of hydro turbine steel.