Additive manufacturing (AM) is a cutting-edge production technique that is revolutionizing the manufacturing industry. AM provides design freedom by fabricating near-net complex structures that are otherwise impossible with conventional subtractive manufacturing processes. The technology has broad applications with many advantages, but is also associated with limitations such as defects and anomalies like lack of fusion, gas porosity, solidification cracking, residual stress, and surface roughness. The presence of these process-induced defects deteriorates the structural integrity and performance of the components. The detection and characterization of these process-induced defects have an important impact on the fabrication of dense parts, thus confirming the structural integrity of the components. Different post-processing techniques, such as heat treatment, hot isostatic pressing, laser shock peening, shot peening, machining, friction stir processing, and laser polishing, can be employed to minimize the fraction of defects and thus enhance the physical and mechanical properties of additively manufactured components.