Pediatric hematological cancers represent a heterogeneous group of disorders affecting the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic tissues. These are primarily divided into leukemias, lymphomas, and a smaller subset of conditions including myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia and lymphoma together make up around 50% of all childhood cancers. Imaging plays a vital and multifaceted role across the clinical spectrum—from initial diagnosis to disease staging, evaluating response to therapy, and post-treatment surveillance. Different imaging techniques such as X-rays, ultrasound, CT scans, MRI, and PET-CT are employed based on the type of malignancy and the clinical question at hand. Interventional radiology further complements this by enabling precise, image-guided interventions like tissue sampling, fluid drainage, vascular access placement, and managing procedure-related complications. In leukemia, although imaging may occasionally reveal early manifestations, it is more frequently used to monitor for therapy-induced adverse effects. Conversely, lymphoma cases heavily rely on CT and PET-CT, particularly for disease extent assessment and monitoring treatment efficacy. The chapter underscores the pivotal role of imaging in the evaluation and management of hematological malignancies in children.