This paper explores the design and material selection of Pelton turbine blades, along with the installation and testing of small-scale hydropower systems in high- and low-head flow environments. A custom-designed axial flux permanent magnet generator is used to improve efficiency and stability. The study reviews the historical development of Pelton blades, focusing on how key design factors affect energy conversion efficiency. An analysis of water flow characteristics and site conditions shows that blade shape and flow angle significantly impact performance. Recommendations are made for optimizing blade design in different operational settings. The potential of Pelton turbines for renewable energy applications and their environmental impact are also discussed, with suggestions for future research. This work provides both theoretical and practical insights to improve Pelton turbine blade design for sustainable hydropower.