Traditional machine translation systems have limitations when dealing with complex semantics and long-distance dependencies, resulting in inaccurate and unnatural translation results. This paper introduces a translation system based on NVIDIA Graphics Processing Unit (NVIDIA GPU), which consists of a client and a server. The client is responsible for user interaction, including functions such as image saving, taking pictures, image editing, online search, setting language type, and saving translated text, so that users can easily upload images and obtain translated content. The server contains an NVIDIA GPU artificial intelligence processor, which is responsible for processing translation requests. NVIDIA GPU uses multiple parallel processing to increase translation speed. In terms of software design, the system builds a dictionary knowledge base and a grammar rule base to support vocabulary search and grammar analysis during the translation process. The system translation module includes a segmentation submodule, an analysis submodule, and a generation submodule. In addition, the system also introduces an encoder–decoder model with an attention mechanism. In order to further improve the translation quality, the system also uses sentence similarity calculation and ambiguity elimination technology. In different translation tasks, the automatic translation system has higher accuracy than the traditional translation system, and the average Metric for Evaluation of Translation with Explicit Ordering (METEOR) of the automatic translation system is 0.9725, while that of the traditional translation system is 0.9175.