The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is the fifth-largest country in the world. A lower- and middle-income country (LMIC), Pakistan was founded in 1947 on partition from India. Pakistan is a regional and global powerhouse, but its tumultuous history and its young age have conferred serious vulnerabilities. Social determinants are key in the etiology of Pakistan’s present mental health burden. With the most recent psychiatric epidemiological survey establishing a high rate of psychiatric problems, new scalable strategies are needed to address the struggles of the Pakistani population. In this Chapter, we describe the nature of the mental health landscape in Pakistan, with a focus on the epidemiology of mental health problems and their social components, as well as the infrastructures—both available and absent—which could be leveraged to support well-being.