Personality detection is the process of identifying personality traits through visual, textual, audio, behavioral, and social media data. It is an important field in social sciences and human–computer interaction determining how people think, behave or interact with their environment. Machine learning models are considered an important tool for automating personality recognition by analyzing large datasets. This paper aims to study various methods for detecting personality traits using machine learning, deep learning techniques and explainable AI. The study will utilize data of Big Five personality dimensions and also includes review of personality traits like optimism and pessimism. It will explore these advancements focusing on key data sets, tools, and technology, challenges in personality detection and how machines learning and deep learning techniques are helping in solving these challenges, aiming to design and develop a novel model.