By integrating insights from Brubaker’s horizontal-vertical model and Mudde and Kaltwasser’s inclusionary-exclusionary framework, this chapter develops a two-dimensional model that reconceptualizes populism as a discursive logic. Unlike existing taxonomies that categorize populist movements as either inclusionary or exclusionary, this model views these as complementary processes used by all populist actors to construct “the people” and “the anti-people.” The framework maps how populists position different social groups along both vertical (power-based) and horizontal (identity-based) axes, revealing the strategic complexity of populist boundary-making. This approach is particularly valuable for analyzing populism in contexts like Pakistan, where right-left distinctions are blurred, and populism interacts with nationalism, religion, and elite politics in unique ways. By emphasizing how pre-existing social and historical narratives shape populist discourse, the model provides a more contextually sensitive tool for comparative analysis while maintaining conceptual coherence—addressing a fundamental tension in populism studies between theoretical abstraction and empirical specification.