Seafood is one of the most traded food commodities globally. International trade in seafood has been growing at a steady pace, and seafood is contributing greatly to the foreign exchange earnings of low- and middle-income countries. India is among the top five exporters, and when it comes to shrimp, India is the second largest exporter after Ecuador. Seafood trade is well-regulated internationally, and importing countries have stringent requirements regarding quality and safety. World Trade Organisation (WTO) Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Agreements apply to seafood trade. SPS agreement covers both food safety as well as animal health, and the agreement recommends that the countries harmonise their requirements with standards set by international organisations, such as the Codex Alimentarius Commission for Food Safety and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) for Animal Health. Most animal health regulations are applicable to international trade in live aquatic animals. Based on import risk analysis for prawns, Australia requires health certification confirming the absence of pathogens, such as white spot syndrome virus and yellow head virus, for the import of prawns into Australia. The seafood imported by major importers such as the EU, USA and Japan are subjected to risk-based inspection, including testing of a small proportion of samples. Non-compliance would lead to import alerts or import refusals. An analysis of the causes of import alerts and import refusals in the EU, USA and Japan indicates different risk perceptions and testing priorities in different markets. Residues of veterinary drugs are a major cause of such import alerts or import refusals. This chapter discusses issues related to international seafood trade, mainly in reference to animal health issues, and presents an analysis of the causes of import alerts in EU, USA and Japanese markets.