Shrimp aquaculture is a significant food production enterprise for farmers and entrepreneurs as shrimp fetch a huge demand and price in the domestic as well as international markets. The farming of shrimp in brackish and coastal waters has gained a remarkable position. However, various constraints exist during the culture period, and the major one is the deterioration of water quality. Shrimp aquaculture is presently focused on intensive culture practices, and this necessitates huge application of inputs like feed, fertilizers, and therapeutics. Along with these, uneaten feed, excreta, metabolic by-products, etc., result in poor water quality comprising an excess concentration of nitrogenous and sulphurous compounds. This makes the farmed animal more susceptible to diseases caused by water quality deterioration and pathogens. To overcome these constraints, a suitable method is bioremediation, an advanced eco-friendly, sustainable technique of utilizing the biological material, particularly microbes and their enzymes, as bioremediators to accomplish environmental and disease management in shrimp aquaculture. Bioremediators are in different forms: bacteria, plant-based products, microalgae, macroalgae, biofilm/periphyton, mat-forming, biofloc, probiotics, cell-free enzyme, and green water. This chapter focuses on the different bioremediators that are mainly used in the remediation of chemical and microbial contaminants in shrimp aquaculture.