The rising energy demand has led to the development of supercapacitors designed to hold more energy and have an improved capacity than conventional batteries, with separate charging and discharging properties. The layered, two-dimensional structures of MXenes grant them high electrical conductivity, rich redox activity, and surface chemistry that can be modified, making them promising candidates for next generation supercapacitor energy storage devices. Their unique attributes enable rapid charge transport, substantial pseudocapacitance, and extraordinary rate capability, thus making MXenes ideal for high power energy storage systems. However, MXenes are still facing challenges such as surface termination instability, structural deterioration, narrow voltage windows, and layer restacking which limit fully utilizing their potential. To address these challenges, considerable works focused on applying transition metal oxides, carbon nanostructures, and conductive polymers onto MXenes to improve their mechanical stability and electrochemical performance. Additionally, advances in synthesis methods, electrolyte compatibility, and device integration have expanded their applications in flexible and wearable energy storage systems. By recapping recent progress, design approaches, and the main hurdles for MXene-based materials used in supercapacitors, this review aims to illuminate the gaps toward achieving high-performing, scalable, and environmentally safe energy storage technologies.