Bio-electrochemical system converts the energy from wastewater to useful resources such as bioelectricity. This study focuses and discusses the development and limitations in bio-electrochemical studies in the twenty-first century. Since long the energy demand in the world has increased, the useful source of energy is being destroyed. The production and waste management should be done simultaneously. Bio-electrical chemical system is used by researchers for the development of bio-electrochemical technology. This study provides the significance of waste management and the requirement for energy in the context of world, displaying bio-electrochemical technologies and various types of bio-electrochemical technologies. This leads to the use of bio-electrochemical technologies for effective waste treatment, which is completely addressed and this gives the summary in other uses of bio-electrochemical technologies in environmental processes. Bio-electrochemical system has higher expectations for in situ processes of polluted water body or polluted soils and sediments.