Urban environments and the quality of life of their residents are significantly impacted by vibration and noise, with railway-induced vibrations being a growing concern, especially with the rise of high-speed trains. Over the past decade, researchers have focused on mitigating these vibrations. This paper provides a comprehensive review of various mitigation techniques, categorized by proximity to the vibration source: at the source, along the transmission path, or near the receiver. Techniques near the source include floating slab tracks, ballast mats, and soft rail pads, while base isolation and thickened floors are typically used near the receiver. Along the transmission path, methods like open trenches, isolating screens, and wave-impeding barriers (WIBs) in the form of plates, blocks, or walls are commonly employed. Source and transmission path techniques receive the most attention due to their effectiveness and cost-efficiency, making them a priority in the railway industry. The paper also examines the widely used parameter ‘insertion loss’ to evaluate the effectiveness of various mitigation measures. In addition to effectiveness, the financial aspect and feasibility of each strategy are carefully considered, accounting for practical limitations in implementation. Lastly, the paper offers insights for potential future mitigation techniques along the transmission path, providing direction for further research and innovation in this field.