The SLRP core protein molecule and its fragmented peptides act to inhibit or activate various disease processes, regulating or altering the synthesis of several intercellular mechanisms, notably by increasing the expression of matrix-degrading enzymes and inflammatory mediators. These changes can lead to either enhanced cell proliferation or conversely trigger apoptosis. Among all the SLRPs, the most potent molecules exhibiting therapeutic relevance are decorin, lumican, fibromodulin core protein, along with their peptide derivatives. Recent and past studies show that almost all classes of SLRPs interact directly with the cell surface Toll-like receptors 2 and 4, mainly to downregulate or upregulate several signalling pathways that can impact the catalytic domain binding sites of matrix-degrading enzymes during diseases and disorders. Biglycan, in particular, accelerates inflammatory pathways involving TLR-2 and 4, and the purinergic P2X7 receptors; thus, biglycan is suggested to act as a potent damage-associated molecular pattern recognition molecule and serves as a biomarker of various diseases in the matrix, including cancer. Therefore, based on the diverse functions of SLRPs as described in the preceding chapters, the main objective of the current section is to summarize the potential role of SLRPs in therapeutic interventions.