Heavy metals are the most common ecological contaminants with extensive distribution, originating from natural and anthropogenic activities. They can be defined as organic molecules with significant molecular masses and concentrations that can be higher than water (≥5 times). The non-degradable, enduring characteristics of heavy metals have raised considerable attention as a result of their potential health threats to mankind. The most persistent heavy metallic substances—arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), etc.—generally are associated with higher risks to the human health because of their toxic properties and environmental presence. In recent decades, pollution has significantly amplified due to continuous sewage, soil erosion, pest or disease control chemicals applied to plants, untreated industrial effluent discharge, and many more sources because of rapid industrial growth. Health impact and pollution level of heavy metals are estimated by heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and the hazard index (HI). Humans are exposed to these elements via polluted food, air, and water. Prolonged exposure to these toxic metals causes their accumulation in various tissues and organs producing critical effects and harming the proper functioning of the body. Therefore, a comprehensive identification and understanding of heavy metal toxicity are necessary for improving health outcomes and minimizing risks.