Booming urbanization has accelerated the demand for energy. The non-renewable resources currently used to generate energy are continuously running out. Finding other paths for the production of energy is urgently needed. Now there is a time to shift towards renewable energy resources to overcome the problems. The best option for renewable energy source is the microbial fuel cell (MFC), wherein microorganisms act as biocatalyst and transform chemical energy to electrical energy. MFC-generated electrical energy is environmentally viable and sustainable. In MFC, wastewater treatment and generation of bioelectricity occur simultaneously. Electrons liberated from metabolic reactions aided by microbes are the basis for energy generation in MFCs. To increase the columbic efficiency and power density of MFCs, there is the need to select the bacteria carefully. Additionally, the mode of operation, the right manufacturing material, and improved MFC designs can further enhance the performance. This chapter is comprehensively emphasizing on the following topics: MFC type, device performance, design, substrate and microorganisms, and technological setup. These aspects were all assessed, discussed, and presented. Additionally, this chapter presents innovative and forward-thinking ideas for further study, emphasizing measures for scaling up while fortifying the standards for microbe selection and the activity that it entails.