In recent years, the European Union has continuously developed and gradually improved its governance capabilities and tools for addressing internal and external security issues, at one point becoming an effective provider of security for itself and its neighboring areas. While meeting the needs and aspirations of neighboring countries, the EU has also maintained its reputation and vital interests as one of the major global powers, striving to become a potential leader in the world. However, since entering the twenty-first century, after experiencing initial successes in the first few years, the EU has frequently faced setbacks in the governance of neighboring security issues. From the Russo-Georgian War, the Ukraine crisis, the refugee crisis, to the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, it has gradually become a challenging journey. In the critically important neighboring regions, especially in the Western Balkans and Eastern Europe, the EU is increasingly unable to dominate the development of regional affairs and effectively alleviate conflicts and confrontations in the area.