Automobile transportation is an important source of carbon emissions. Under the background of coping with climate change, major countries in the world have introduced green transformation policies, among which the carbon emission target of vehicles are constantly adjusted and tightened. However, current studies on how the climate policies affect new energy vehicles exports and how automobile enterprises deal with those carbon emission risks are not comprehensive or focused. This paper reviewed the important climate policies worldwide from the perspective of policy construction logic, and identified the risks and opportunities associated. Then, it investigated the low-carbon development status of China's new energy vehicle industry, and analyzed the future low-carbon development direction. In addition, it evaluated the carbon reduction potential of China's new energy vehicles from the perspective of life cycle assessment. Finally, according to the climate policy risk and carbon reduction potential, the corresponding countermeasures were put forward.