Among the cool season legumes, field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is known as a highly productive pulse crop which is being cultivated in more than 90 countries. Being an excellent source of macro- and micronutrients, it plays an instrumental role in providing food and nutritional security to resource-poor folks of different countries. So far, limited efforts and resources have been dedicated to designing climate-resilient, nutrient-dense field pea. However, during the past two decades, concerted efforts have been made to infuse resistance to biotic stress along with better plant types to achieve higher productivity. This chapter briefly elaborates on the importance, origin, taxonomy, botany, genetic and genomic resources, major biotic and abiotic constraints, and the current scenario of global productivity. In addition, to increase the genetic gain, priority traits i.e. yield and its attributes, biotic and abiotic stresses, lodging resistance, herbicide tolerance, and nutritional enrichment have been discussed. Furthermore, modern tools like genomic-assisted breeding, speed breeding, and genome editing; current status; and future outlooks have been deliberated. To accelerate genetic gains in yield, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, nutritional quality, and lodging resistance, it is essential to integrate modern tools and techniques—such as genome editing, speed breeding, genomic selection, and omics-based approaches (including proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics)—into conventional breeding programmes.