Can we use semi-structured interview data to understand what motivates people’s moral judgments? Since the 1940s, sociologists have rejected the idea that semi-structured interviews can provide data on people’s “real” motives. However, recent work has begun to develop strategies for how to use semi-structured interviews to study motives. We add to these recent responses by drawing upon the Sociology of Culture and Cognition—which has conventionally been used to argue that semi-structured interviews do not provide data on “real” motives. In this chapter, we draw upon new contributions from neuroscience to respond to the traditional sociological critiques of using semi-structured interviews to analyze motives by employing a dual-process model theoretical framework for analyzing moral judgment. We then use this model to develop operationalizations for motives of moral judgments in semi-structured interview data. We conclude by demonstrating the usefulness of these operationalizations with a case study of Arizona voters.