Cantilever sheet pile wall offers robust solutions for retaining soil and controlling water in diverse construction projects and is considered the most important structure in the field of civil engineering. These are generally provided for excavation height of 5 m. The present review deals with the design, principals, methodologies and recent advancements in the area of cantilever sheet pile walls. The design of cantilever sheet pile walls depends on the properties of soil and sheet pile material. Mostly, soil properties influence the design decisions. Factors like soil type and shear strength affect the structural requirements and stability considerations for effective design implementation. Traditional approaches, limit equilibrium methods, and finite element analysis techniques are pivotal in achieving robust designs capable of withstanding varying site conditions and loading scenarios. Through the analysis of case studies and practical applications, this review underscores the importance of real-world insights in refining design methodologies and improving project outcomes. Recent advances in design codes, geosynthetics, and monitoring systems are revolutionizing cantilever sheet pile wall engineering. In this review, analytical, numerical and experimental studies have been highlighted as invaluable resources for informing future design endeavours and enhancing engineering practice. In the last section, applications have also been highlighted.