This study provides a comprehensive groundwater assessment of Guwahati, Assam, India, utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, specifically ArcGIS, to analyze spatial and temporal variations in groundwater resources. Groundwater is a critical source of water supply in Guwahati, characterized by both urban expansion and climatic variability, which influences the sustainability of its aquifers. Data from the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) were employed to conduct a detailed evaluation of groundwater levels, quality, recharge, and extraction at various sites across the city. The methodology involved the collection of hydrogeological data, including groundwater levels, and usage statistics from several monitoring wells across Guwahati. Using ArcGIS, spatial analysis tools were applied to visualize data, create groundwater potential maps, and identify critical recharge and discharge zones. Temporal analysis was also conducted to assess seasonal variability in groundwater levels, considering the historical data provided by CGWB. Results indicate significant spatial variation in groundwater levels, with the eastern and southern parts of the city exhibiting lower levels due to higher extraction rates and limited recharge. A potential groundwater recharge map highlighted priority areas for rainwater harvesting and sustainable management practices. Additionally, qualitative assessments revealed localized areas of contamination linked to urbanization, improper waste management, and industrial activities, necessitating targeted remediation efforts. The study underscores the importance of integrating GIS technology for effective groundwater management in rapidly urbanizing areas like Guwahati. The findings provide a critical foundation for policymakers and urban planners to develop sustainable groundwater management strategies that ensure the long-term viability of water resources amidst increasing demand and environmental challenges. This research contributes valuable insights into the hydrological behavior of the region and emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring and data-driven decision-making in groundwater resource management. Nearly 84% of the area in Guwahati has ground water level from a depth more than 3 m. 30% of the area has water level depth of more than 5 m.