Expansive soil poses significant challenges in civil engineering due to its weak characteristics and susceptibility to volumetric changes influenced by fluctuations in moisture content. This leads to structural instability, cracks, and other hazards. Conventional stabilization methods using cement and lime have drawbacks such as being uneconomic and negative environmental impact. Additionally, improper disposal of plastic waste exacerbates environmental degradation. Hence, a detailed review is carried out to explore the use of synthetic fibers, i.e., plastic wastes, and Enzyme-Induced Calcite Precipitation (EICP) technique to stabilize expansive soil. The review focuses on the mechanical properties improvement and swelling potential reduction of expansive soil using synthetic fibers made from recycled plastics and the EICP method. Several studies demonstrated the application of EICP for stabilizing soil wherein enzymes hydrolyze urea to induce calcite precipitation within soil pores, providing a stable cementing agent. Moreover, synthetic fibers act as reinforcement in soil; thus, a detailed review would help to understand and elaborate on the exact mechanism behind the strength improvement of soil. The sustainability aspect is also investigated for stabilizing expansive soil using the EICP technique. Overall, this review focuses on using the nature-based solution in combination with plastic waste to improve the properties of expansive soil. The limitations of the EICP technique are also included for the real-field application of the method.