Abiotic stresses such as heavy metals, drought, salinity, cold, and heat harm plant development and the production of crops in general. To attain the aim of being sustainable in the face of abiotic environmental limits, crop production systems must employ effective tactics in conjunction with technology innovation. Recently, nanotechnology has emerged as an attractive topic to investigate with potential applications in agriculture, and it requires attention to treat some of the abiotic challenges. The administration of nanoparticles (NPs) as nanofertilizers has huge potential because of their ecological friendliness, cost-effectiveness, specific physicochemical features, and higher plant production, and there has been a lot of attention in the sector lately. Nanomaterials (NMs) are vital in many aspects of plant growth, especially seedling strength, the emergence of seeds, growth, the photosynthesis process, blooming, and root development. Furthermore, these NMs play an important role in plant defense from oxidative stress. NMs stimulate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants and imitate the effects of specific enzymes (antioxidative). As a result, it is vital to understand the cellular, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of NMs in plants under abiotic stress. Various studies suggest that NPs are used to control abiotic stress. This chapter discusses the effects of abiotic stress on plants, the functions of nanoparticles in abiotic stress management, and future possibilities to establish a feasible and environmentally beneficial approach for ensuring agriculture’s long-term viability.