The chapter titled “Enhancing Organizational Resilience and Agility in S-ERP for Industry 4.0” delves into the crucial role of Sustainable Enterprise Resource Planning (S-ERP) systems in fortifying organizational resilience and agility amidst the challenges of Industry 4.0. It begins by defining organizational resilience as the ability to anticipate, prepare for, and adapt to incremental changes and sudden disruptions, ensuring continuous operation. It also highlights organizational agility as the capacity to swiftly adjust strategies and operations in response to changing internal and external environments, leveraging digital technologies like IoT, AI, and big data analytics. The chapter then explores the Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity (VUCA) environment brought on by Industry 4.0, and how S-ERP systems can help organizations navigate these challenges. It underscores the importance of integrating resilience and agility into broader organizational strategies such as digital transformation, sustainability, and risk management. The chapter presents several paradoxes, such as the Speed-Stability and Flexibility-Rigidity paradoxes, which organizations must manage to balance agility and resilience effectively. Furthermore, the chapter provides strategic frameworks like the Resilient-Agility Matrix and the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) framework to help organizations evaluate and enhance their resilience and agility. It also discusses the critical role of human resources in fostering a resilient and agile workforce, emphasizing continuous improvement, innovation, and the integration of agility and resilience into the organizational culture. Overall, the chapter argues that by embedding resilience and agility into S-ERP systems, organizations can not only survive but thrive in the complex and dynamic environment of Industry 4.0, ensuring long-term sustainability and competitiveness.