This chapter introduces the concept of Sustainable Enterprise Resource Planning (S-ERP) within the context of Industry 4.0. It explores how traditional ERP systems, which have been pivotal in enhancing operational efficiency across various industries, need to evolve to address sustainability challenges. The chapter discusses the limitations of conventional ERP systems in promoting sustainable development and presents S-ERP as a critical tool for integrating economic, environmental, and social sustainability into business operations. The chapter further delves into the complexities of implementing S-ERP systems, addressing challenges such as data accuracy, integration with existing business processes, and the incorporation of sustainability metrics. It emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that combines technological innovation with sustainable business practices, aligning with the principles of the triple bottom line (economic, environmental, and social sustainability). By leveraging Industry 4.0 technologies such as IoT, AI, and big data analytics, S-ERP systems can support the transition toward more sustainable and resilient business models. This chapter sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration of S-ERP’s role in facilitating the digital transformation of organizations, ensuring long-term sustainability in an increasingly complex and dynamic global environment.