This chapter describes the economic state of the Central Asian countries from the time of the USSR to now. It describes the production structure of the regional economy during the USSR, paying special attention to the historical situation of the economic state of the region, and focuses on the collapse of the USSR, including its causes, as well as the subsequent actions countries in the region took following independence. It also examines the primary macroeconomic indicators in the post-independence period, observing the changes in the economic indicators of the Central Asian countries. The reasons behind the decline and growth of the respective indicators are also explained, with an overview of this process in each country and how the regional economy began to recover. Particular attention is given to the impact of various economic crises, such as the Asian financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, on the economies of the region. Changes in economic indicators are analysed, as well as the consequences of crisis situations for decision-making under conditions of uncertainty and change.