This chapter begins with a comprehensive introduction to the concepts of image and video coding through the lens of deep learning techniques. We explore how these innovative methods revolutionize traditional coding approaches, enhancing efficiency and quality. Next, the fundamentals of artificial intelligence-based coding are delved into, with a focus on key components such as deep learning frameworks, autoencoders, and variational autoencoders. The functioning of these models and their relevance in visual data encoding are discussed. Furthermore, we examine the principles that underpin image and video coding based on these advanced methodologies, highlighting their advantages and potential applications in various fields. Finally, an overview of the basic processes involved in image and video coding is provided, detailing the steps from data acquisition to compression, thereby laying a solid foundation for understanding the subsequent chapters.