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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), originating from fossil fuel combustion, constitute one of the major components of fine particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm. In addition to their suspected carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, these PAHs have been shown to aggravate inflammatory respiratory diseases, such as bronchial asthma. The quinone form of PAHs has a high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capacity. Thus, there are concerns regarding its health effects. Additionally, the hydroxy form of PAH has been detected in air and its presence in the atmosphere is due to the secondary reactions of PAHs. 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-OHPy) is also a metabolite of living organisms and its presence in urine is indicative of PAH exposure. However, its toxicity and health effects largely remain unknown. In this review, we outline the respiratory toxicity of the quinone and hydroxy forms of PAHs as well as the associated mechanisms and identify avenues for future research.

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Effects and Reactions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives in Respiratory System

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Akiko Honda,
  • Satsuki Takai,
  • Takayuki Kameda,
  • Natsuko Miyasaka,
  • Megumi Nagao,
  • Yasuto Matsui,
  • Hirohisa Takano

摘要

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), originating from fossil fuel combustion, constitute one of the major components of fine particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm. In addition to their suspected carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, these PAHs have been shown to aggravate inflammatory respiratory diseases, such as bronchial asthma. The quinone form of PAHs has a high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capacity. Thus, there are concerns regarding its health effects. Additionally, the hydroxy form of PAH has been detected in air and its presence in the atmosphere is due to the secondary reactions of PAHs. 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-OHPy) is also a metabolite of living organisms and its presence in urine is indicative of PAH exposure. However, its toxicity and health effects largely remain unknown. In this review, we outline the respiratory toxicity of the quinone and hydroxy forms of PAHs as well as the associated mechanisms and identify avenues for future research.