Bimetallic oxide-based photocatalysts hold significant promise for revolutionizing wastewater treatment technologies. By addressing the outlined challenges and exploring new avenues for application, these materials could play a pivotal role in achieving cleaner water resources and a more sustainable future. Bimetallic oxides work together to improve electron transport, reduce recombination rates, and broaden light absorption spectra, all of which enhance photocatalytic activity. The development and use of photocatalysts based on bimetallic oxides containing bismuth, as well as those derived from metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and biomass were investigated in this chapter. Bismuth-based bimetallic oxides offer enhanced photocatalytic activities due to absorption of visible light, efficient charge separation, and tunable band gaps. They exhibit high chemical and thermal stability, improved surface area, and porosity for better pollutant interaction. Their environmentally friendly nature, coupled with scalable and cost-effective synthesis, makes them ideal for sustainable wastewater treatment applications. MOF-based bimetallic oxide photocatalysts increase the degradation efficiency of pollutants by utilizing the tunable topologies and high porosity of metal–organic frameworks. On the other hand, biomass-based bimetallic oxide photocatalysts offer an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative in accordance with the principles of green chemistry, while maintaining good catalytic performance. This comprehensive strategy helps develop sustainable environmental solutions and demonstrates the potential of these innovative materials in the removal of complex pollutants in wastewater.