This chapter delves into the critical aspects of project planning and scheduling within the construction industry, highlighting their role in improving project efficiency and outcomes. It underscores the importance of systematic project planning to establish clear objectives, define scope, and determine actionable steps for achieving project goals. Key scheduling techniques, such as the Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), are explored to illustrate how dependencies, critical tasks, and resource allocation can be effectively managed. The chapter also examines time-cost trade-offs, the concept of Earned Value Management (EVM), and methods to optimize resource planning and levelling. Interactive examples and figures support these discussions, providing readers with practical insights into overcoming challenges like cost overruns and delays. The chapter contextualizes these methodologies against a backdrop of historical evolution in project management, technological advancements, and modern industry practices like Building Information Modeling (BIM). Additionally, it presents a case study on the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent adaptations in project scheduling and resource management. By synthesizing foundational principles, advanced techniques, and real-world applications, the chapter equips construction professionals with tools to navigate complexities, mitigate risks, and deliver projects on time and within budget. It concludes with a focus on future directions, advocating for the integration of emerging technologies to further enhance project planning and execution in an increasingly dynamic construction landscape.