This chapter investigates the critical role of sustainability in the construction industry, which contributes approximately 40% of global CO2 emissions due to energy-intensive operations and waste generation. A comprehensive array of sustainability metrics is highlighted, including economic indicators such as cost–benefit analysis (CBA), lifecycle costing (LCC), and return on investment (ROI) to evaluate the financial viability of sustainability initiatives. Environmental metrics assess ecological impacts through parameters such as carbon footprint, energy efficiency, water conservation, waste management, and material efficiency. Operational metrics focus on energy consumption, resource utilization, and indoor environmental quality to enhance occupant well-being. The chapter also discusses resilience metrics that evaluate a building’s ability to withstand environmental stressors, alongside social metrics that address community impacts, health, safety, and labor practices. Various global sustainability frameworks—such as LEED, IGBC, GRIHA, BREEAM, and NABERS—are presented, detailing their certification criteria, processes, and benefits. It also identifies barriers to the adoption of sustainable practices, such as high initial costs, lack of awareness, technological challenges, and complex certification processes. The importance of financial incentives and regulatory frameworks in promoting sustainability in the construction sector is emphasized, advocating for a collaborative approach to improve sustainable building practices. The chapter concludes with two case studies—one on a mass housing scheme and the other on a Rapid Rail Link Project—to illustrate how sustainability and technological integration can address both environmental and socioeconomic challenges.