This chapter explores the intricacies of cyber-physical systems (CPS) and digital twins, two pivotal technologies driving the next wave of digital transformation across various industries. This chapter delves into the concepts and key features of CPS and digital twins, exploring their definitions, core principles, benefits, challenges, and the synergy between them. The chapter will examine how these technologies are shaping various construction industry. It will also highlight the role of CPS and digital twin applications in enabling smart, connected, and autonomous systems. Through theoretical frameworks and practical examples, readers gain insights into the key principles of CPS and digital twins, such as improved decision-making, real-time monitoring, control and representation, increased efficiency and productivity, and predictive and preventive capabilities. The chapter concludes with an exploration of future trends and the potential evolution of these technologies, emphasizing their role in shaping the future of smart, autonomous systems and their transformative potential in the digital age in construction.