A Comprehensive Review on Additive Manufacturing of Biomedical Implants
摘要
Additive Manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing, is an innovative fabrication technology that enables the creation of customized and multifunctional products with intricate geometries. AM provides unparalleled design flexibility, significantly reducing the time and cost of new product development. This versatility has led to its adoption in various industries, including automotive, aerospace, and especially the medical sector, where it plays a pivotal role in the production of bioimplants. Bioimplants are artificial medical devices designed to replace damaged or missing biological structures, aiming to restore normal functionality to the human anatomy. They are widely used in applications such as cardiovascular, dental, orthopedic, and cosmetic treatments, as well as in addressing cochlear and retinal disorders. The unique advantage of AM lies in its ability to produce bioimplants using biocompatible materials with high precision. These implants exhibit excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and non-toxicity, making them suitable for long-term use in the human body. The integration of AM technologies in biomedical applications offers the potential to create patient-specific implants tailored to individual anatomical requirements, thereby improving clinical outcomes. Various AM techniques, such as Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), and Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), etc. have been explored for producing high-quality biomedical implants. This review highlights the advancements in AM methods for biomedical implant manufacturing and explores the challenges associated with bioimplant design and properties. Key issues include ensuring material compatibility, achieving optimal mechanical and biological performance, and addressing regulatory and cost concerns. Further research is essential to overcome these challenges and fully unlock the potential of AM in revolutionizing bioimplant technology.