The growing demand for sustainable and efficient agricultural practices is pushing the adoption of advanced IoT technologies. In this study, we closely examine various IoT protocols and how they can be applied to smart agriculture. We evaluate these protocols based on important factors like energy efficiency, data transmission speed, coverage area, lightweight design, reliability, compatibility, scalability, and security. By diving into these aspects, we aim to show how IoT technologies can transform traditional farming methods into more precise, resource-efficient, and environmentally friendly systems. We also categorize these protocols from technological, economic, and environmental angles, giving a well-rounded view of their strengths and weaknesses. Our findings suggest that by carefully selecting and integrating IoT protocols that fit specific agricultural needs, we can significantly improve crop management, better use resources, and reduce environmental impacts. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the need for more energy-efficient and secure IoT solutions to support sustainable agricultural practices in the long term. The insights gained are intended to assist policymakers, practitioners, and researchers make informed decisions about implementing IoT technologies in agriculture.