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With the exhaustion of fossil fuel reservoirs and the escalating concerns about the environment, there has been a surge of enthusiasm surrounding alternative energy options. One such option is biodiesel, a renewable and biodegradable alternative of petroleum diesel which can be synthesized from biological sources such as vegetable oils and animal fats. This study delves a comprehensive look at the creation, properties, and tribological evaluation of biodiesel made from leftover waste cooking oil that has been improved by blending in aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles. The aim is to enhance the physiochemical and tribological properties of the biodiesel. During the production step, waste cooking oil is converted into biodiesel using transesterification which involves optimizing transesterification parameters to achieve maximum yield and quality of biodiesel. To enhance the lubricating characteristics of the resulting product, Al2O3 also known as alumina nanoparticles is blended in. The resulting biodiesel-nanoparticle blends’ physiochemical characteristics, such as density, kinematic viscosity, and other pertinent factors, are carefully examined. The results were satisfactory, showing the WCO-based biodiesel has all the properties within the desired limit having density being lesser by 4.28% with B20 and viscosity to be 68% lesser and other properties flash point, pour point, and sulfur content being up to the mark. The tribological analysis covering wear, friction, and lubrication effectiveness is also carried out in different operating situations to clarify how the biodiesel blends perform relative to petroleum-based fuels, regular diesel, and castor-based biodiesel. Through comparative investigation, the effectiveness of biodiesel based on waste cooking oil combined with Al2O3 nanoparticles as a lubricant is revealed, underscoring its potential benefits in lowering wear and friction in mechanical systems. The wear scar diameter found to be 4.3% lesser than that of palm oil, and this difference becomes 13% when compared with B20 palm oil blend. We can see by repurposing leftover cooking oil and utilizing nanotechnology to improve the lubricating qualities of biodiesel, the findings advance sustainable energy practices, and open the door to more environmentally and financially + feasible fuel substitutes.

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Production and Tribological Analysis of Waste Cooking Oil-Based Biodiesel

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Anmol Verma,
  • Abhinav Rai,
  • Apurva Sharma,
  • Devansh Shukla,
  • Mukesh Yadav,
  • Neha Deepak Saxena

摘要

With the exhaustion of fossil fuel reservoirs and the escalating concerns about the environment, there has been a surge of enthusiasm surrounding alternative energy options. One such option is biodiesel, a renewable and biodegradable alternative of petroleum diesel which can be synthesized from biological sources such as vegetable oils and animal fats. This study delves a comprehensive look at the creation, properties, and tribological evaluation of biodiesel made from leftover waste cooking oil that has been improved by blending in aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles. The aim is to enhance the physiochemical and tribological properties of the biodiesel. During the production step, waste cooking oil is converted into biodiesel using transesterification which involves optimizing transesterification parameters to achieve maximum yield and quality of biodiesel. To enhance the lubricating characteristics of the resulting product, Al2O3 also known as alumina nanoparticles is blended in. The resulting biodiesel-nanoparticle blends’ physiochemical characteristics, such as density, kinematic viscosity, and other pertinent factors, are carefully examined. The results were satisfactory, showing the WCO-based biodiesel has all the properties within the desired limit having density being lesser by 4.28% with B20 and viscosity to be 68% lesser and other properties flash point, pour point, and sulfur content being up to the mark. The tribological analysis covering wear, friction, and lubrication effectiveness is also carried out in different operating situations to clarify how the biodiesel blends perform relative to petroleum-based fuels, regular diesel, and castor-based biodiesel. Through comparative investigation, the effectiveness of biodiesel based on waste cooking oil combined with Al2O3 nanoparticles as a lubricant is revealed, underscoring its potential benefits in lowering wear and friction in mechanical systems. The wear scar diameter found to be 4.3% lesser than that of palm oil, and this difference becomes 13% when compared with B20 palm oil blend. We can see by repurposing leftover cooking oil and utilizing nanotechnology to improve the lubricating qualities of biodiesel, the findings advance sustainable energy practices, and open the door to more environmentally and financially + feasible fuel substitutes.