As a country or region’s socio-economic development progresses to a higher stage, it inevitably accompanies an increase in energy consumption. Once it reaches a certain scale, a large consumer base, when faced with shocks or sudden changes, will have a significant impact on the energy supply and demand status, potentially disrupting the already established supply–demand balance. For instance, during the global COVID-19 pandemic, according to data from the ‘China Economic Times’, in January 2022, Europe’s natural gas reserves were only 50%, 20% lower than the pre-pandemic average level (Europe’s ideal natural gas reserve average level is 70%), while the United States’ natural gas inventory also decreased by 5%. In terms of oil, the United States’ commercial oil inventory fell by 5% compared to the pre-pandemic average level, and the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) member countries’ commercial oil reserves also decreased by 5% compared to the 2015–2019 average level. In coal, the coal inventory of power plants in India, a major coal-producing country, decreased by nearly 80% from 2020 to 2021 in just one year.