As one of the main parts of the rail-type belt conveyor, the carriages have direct influence on the smooth and safe running of the conveyor. In order to explore the vibration condition of the carriages when it goes through the gap of the track or the wrong teeth of the rail, the rigid and flexible coupling vibration mathematical model of the carriages and the rail was established based on the Kelvin Voigt spring damping model, and its boundary conditions were analyzed. The numerical simulation was carried out with Matlab, and the influences of different orbit altitudes, rigid connection of front and rear wheels, different speeds and different orbit spacing were analyzed. The rationality of the numerical simulation was verified by experiments. The results show that the vibration of the carriages is minimum when the front rail is higher than the rear rail. No matter the front and rear wheels, wheels are rigidly connected, the impact on the car body and track is more obvious; With the increase of carriages speed and track spacing, the vibration increases, and both of them show a linear relationship.