This chapter systematically reviews and analyzes the cultivation of top innovative talents in China, emphasizing the need to strengthen the nation’s human resources, by training a significant number of top-notch innovative personnel while improving overall national quality and accelerating the development of specialized professionals. The chapter explores on the concept of top-notch innovative talent cultivation, the relevant policies in China, and the various modes employed in nurturing these talents. It also touches upon discussions on quality evaluation of top-notch innovative talents cultivation, identifying key challenges, and proposing countermeasures to address these issues. The chapter concludes with insights and final remarks, providing a comprehensive overview of the strategies and efforts required to enhance the cultivation of top innovative talents in China.