Emerging Coronaviruses in Swine and Their Potential to Affect Humans
摘要
Coronaviruses, a significant group of RNA viruses, pose notable risks to both animal and human health. Swine coronaviruses, encompassing Alphacoronaviruses, Betacoronaviruses, and Deltacoronaviruses, notably impact pig populations globally. Key members like Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV), Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV), and Porcine Delta Coronavirus (PDCoV) have led to substantial economic losses in the swine industry due to high piglet mortality and reduced productivity. These viruses primarily cause gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses in pigs, with some variants such as Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus (PHEV) affecting the nervous system. Furthermore, the zoonotic potential of these coronaviruses underscores their relevance to human health. Genetic recombination and mutations increase the likelihood of interspecies transmission, potentially enabling novel strains with heightened virulence. Effective surveillance, biosecurity, and vaccination strategies are critical for managing outbreaks. This chapter emphasizes the importance of a One Health approach to understand the epidemiology, genetic diversity, and control measures for porcine coronaviruses. Enhanced collaborative efforts between veterinary and public health sectors are vital for mitigating risks associated with these emerging pathogens, safeguarding both agricultural livelihoods and global health security.