This paper conducts an empirical analysis based on data from the “National College Graduates Employment Survey”, focusing on the characteristics of graduates who choose the teaching profession and the motivations that drive them to do so, with a gendered perspective. The results show that male college graduates are significantly less likely to choose the teaching profession compared to females. There are certain characteristic differences between males and females who choose teaching as a career. In terms of salary and employment choices, graduates who choose the teaching profession have lower starting salaries compared to those who choose other professions and are more likely to be employed in central and western regions. The income gap between teaching and other professions is more pronounced among male graduates. Female graduates who choose teaching prioritize career interests, job stability, and the opportunity to serve others and society. They are also more likely to be satisfied with the stability, social status, and autonomy of their chosen profession. Given personal characteristics and family background, there is no significant gender wage gap among graduates who choose the teaching profession.