The transport sector is one of the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions, and efforts are being put to control these emissions worldwide. The present topic includes the comparison of technological, economic, and environmental aspects of e-fuels and electric vehicles (EVs) toward decarbonization. E-fuels are promising in terms of overall CO2 emission reduction to the environment as it can be produced by capturing CO2 from the combustion sources or ambient. While EVs are important in the context of urban pollution due to no tailpipe exhaust emissions on road conditions. The chapter discusses these two alternatives for their possible adaptation by considering factors like production cost, implementation, government policies, application area, etc. Comparative discussion for the adaptation of e-fuels and EVs are with a perspective of their advantages in terms of decarbonization of transport sector.