The emergence of artificial intelligence and neural networks creates a significant potential for automating an increasing number of business processes of large, small, and medium-sized businesses in various sectors of the economy. The financial sector, education, medicine, retail trade, and transport are the most promising from the point of view of the introduction of neural networks. Having undoubted advantages (e.g., saving time and financial resources, improving coordination when working together, etc.), neural networks contribute to the release of jobs, create a problem of rising unemployment, and can increase social tension in society. Additionally, being a tool for replacing human labor with technologies, neural networks can lead to a reduction in the possibilities of a person’s social realization, zeroing out the demand for the skills and abilities acquired by people during their lives. The research considers the main opportunities created by neural networks for business. The authors assess the labor market indicators of the Russian Federation and forecast the unemployment rate in the labor market in the conditions of mass withdrawal from the market of “retired professions” due to their replacement by artificial intelligence technologies and neural networks.