In view of the fact that the Fly-By-Wire (FBW) aircraft needs to evaluate whether the aircraft can continue to fly and land safely after the control surface is jammed through flight tests. This paper proposes a fault injection method of control surface jamming based on negative feedback control and control instruction pre-locking, so as to realize the control surface jamming based on multiple control modes. First, negative feedback method based on control surface instruction is studied. Control surface jamming instruction and negative feedback instruction are injected into flight control system simultaneously by instruction signal generation system to realize control surface jamming in flight test. Secondly, research is conducted on the method of control surface jamming faults injection based on pre-locking control instruction. During flight, the control instruction locking mode is switched, and an external control surface jamming signal is injected into the flight control system to achieve the flight test control surface jamming. Through modeling simulation, flight control iron bird platform testing, and ground test verification, the results show that the second control surface jamming control mode based on control instruction pre-locking is better and more versatile, and the final flight test adopts the second method to realize efficient and safe control surface jamming flight test.