This chapter presents an in-depth overview of safety measures, legislative frameworks, and specialized approaches required in pediatric radiological procedures. It begins by outlining the foundational principles of pediatric imaging, including the concepts of justification, optimization, and legislation that govern the safe use of radiation in children. A modality-wise discussion follows, highlighting radiation safety precautions for X-rays, fluoroscopy, and computed tomography, emphasizing the unique considerations needed when imaging pediatric patients. Key guidelines from regulatory authorities, such as the FDA, are discussed in relation to their role in ensuring X-ray safety. The chapter further provides practical guidance for imaging technologists, healthcare professionals, and caregivers, including parents, to optimize the pediatric imaging experience and reduce psychological stress for young patients. Special attention is given to child development, anatomical differences between children and adults, and how these factors influence imaging practices and interpretation. Topics such as pediatric patient preparation, the use of immobilization tools, and technical adjustments are thoroughly discussed to improve imaging quality while minimizing exposure. Additionally, the chapter addresses the needs of children with disabilities or special requirements, along with the design standards for pediatric-friendly imaging environments and equipment. Technical aspects such as dose optimization, diagnostic reference levels, and image quality assurance are examined in the context of pediatric radiography. The chapter concludes by reviewing standard pediatric examinations, referral criteria, and the emerging role of artificial intelligence in enhancing safety and diagnostic accuracy in pediatric radiology. Altogether, this chapter aims to provide a holistic view of pediatric radiological care, balancing safety, technology, and compassionate patient handling.