If the users of commons become involved as actors in commons management by recognizing psychological ownership in them, this could be the first step toward realizing autonomous commons management through actor collaboration. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of different modes of participation in the commons on the formation of psychological ownership, and to use the knowledge gained to motivate and spur behavioral change in actors leading to the proper management of commons. The authors conducted a cross-disciplinary literature review, using reliable literature databases to identify key prior studies from research on commons, psychological ownership, and social creativity. As a result, from the perspective of sharing, five characteristics of commons targeted in this study—(1) non-exclusive access, (2) material, (3) durable, (4) shared in physical space, and (5) shared among diverse entities—are identified. The connection between social creativity research and psychological ownership research was identified, and three levels of psychological ownership corresponding to subjectivity were proposed. Furthermore, a conceptual model of psychological ownership of the commons was proposed that takes into account differences in the mode of participation in commons. The conceptual model of plural psychological ownership of the commons proposed in this study is hypothesized based on literature, and needs to be empirically verified.