Anemia is often associated with nutritional status. In India, the context of malnutrition is changing since last couple of decades. The prevalence of anemia has increased between NFHS-4 and NFHS-5. The prevalence of malnutrition and other related morbidities has been severe among the marginalized communities, such as scheduled tribe population. This study aims to examine the prevalence of anemia among tribal children in India, using data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) conducted during 2019–21. More than two-fifth of the tribal children who were either severely or moderately stunted, wasted or underweight were found to be anemic. Among tribal children, half of those who were severely stunted were either severely or moderately anemic. Anemia prevalence among tribal children is not statistically significantly influenced by wealth index, maternal age, education, occupation and Body Mass Index of mothers and gender of the child. However, the urban children have 40% lower probability and those who are above two years old are facing a 59% lower likelihood to be anemic. The odds for a child to be anemic increases by more than two times if the mothers are either severe or moderately anemic. Since a number of important socio-economic factors do not significantly contribute to the children’s anemia among scheduled tribe communities in India, more ethnographic studies are required to understand dietary practices, water and sanitation and other knowledge and attitude and practices the effect of anemia on tribal children. The widespread occurance of anemia and malnutrition in children from tribal communities alongside a rising proportion of overweight problem among Indian children, is giving rise to a triple burden of malnutrition. The policymakers need to adopt a problem specific approach, with a special route map for tribal population.