The petroleum industry is currently facing challenges such as environmental pollution, low energy efficiency and significant pressure for transformation. In order to achieve sustainable development, the petroleum industry must undergo a green transformation by integrating traditional oil extraction processes with new energy technologies. This paper specifically analyses the challenges faced by the petroleum industry, summarises the current development status of new energy technologies and explores the prospects of integrating these technologies with the petroleum extraction sector. It underscores the urgency of green transformation in the petroleum industry, examines the potential and advantages of new energy technologies in this sector and emphasises the critical significance of green transformation for sustainable development in the petroleum industry. The aim of this paper is to explore the process of green transformation in the petroleum industry, with a focus on the integrated development of oil extraction techniques and new energy sources, while also pointing out future research directions for the integration of oil extraction processes with new energy technologies.