Soil is a vital non-renewable resource crucial for ecosystem services like carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, and plant productivity. However, it is highly vulnerable to degradation, especially in forest ecosystems, due to factors such as deforestation, erosion, and fires. Both natural and human-induced forest fires are increasingly recognized for their significant impacts on soil’s chemical, physical, and biological properties. Wildfires, often caused by natural events or human activities, can lead to significant losses in nutrients, reductions in soil organic carbon (SOC), changes in pH, and increased erosion, primarily due to the combustion of organic material. In contrast, prescribed fires, when carefully managed, can help improve soil health by releasing nutrients and enhancing soil structure, though they can still pose risks if fire intensity is too high. The severity, duration, and fuel load of a fire are crucial in determining whether its impact on soil is beneficial or harmful. With climate change driving an increase in wildfire frequency and intensity, understanding the relationship between fire and soil is essential for promoting sustainable forest management and soil conservation practices. This chapter explores the complex interactions between fire intensity, soil characteristics, and ecosystem processes, highlighting the need for adaptive management strategies to mitigate long-term impacts on soil health.